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《自然》（20261008出版）一周论文导读
编译|李言
Nature, 8 October 2026, Volume 658 Issue 8135
《自然》2026年10月8日，第658卷，8135期
化学Chemistry
Organic two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
有机二维范德华异质结构
▲ 作者：Anupam Prasoon, Nguyen Ngan Nguyen et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we introduce a bottom-up strategy for programmable lattice engineering in organic van der Waals heterostructures of 2D polymers. Sequential on-water-surface assembly enables layer-by-layer stacking of chemically distinct 2D polymers with defined lattice registry, stacking sequence and thickness, yielding both lattice-matched and controlled lattice-mismatched heterostructures. Structural characterization reveals commensurate epitaxy in lattice-matched and small-mismatched systems, whereas large-mismatch interfaces exhibit moiré features and strain-relief distortions. Ultrafast spectroscopy demonstrates efficient interfacial charge separation and first-principles calculations reveal built-in electric fields and interfacial potential steps arising from interfacial dipole alignment. Devices exhibit diode-like rectification ratios exceeding 107 that systematically decrease with increasing lattice mismatch, establishing organic 2D polymer van der Waals heterostructures as a lattice-engineered platform for (opto)electronic and quantum phenomena.
机器人学Robotics
A quadruped robot designed to complete a marathon on a single battery charge
一款为单次充电可完成马拉松而设计的四足机器人
▲ 作者：Choongin Lee, Donghoon Youm et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we show RAIBO2, an energy-efficient quadruped developed through a comprehensive analysis of its overall energy-loss model. Efficiency is enhanced through a force-transparent, lightweight mechanical hardware, a low-resistance motor driving circuit and a low-energy-dissipation locomotion policy. RAIBO2 completed a full marathon in 4?hours, 19?minutes and 52?seconds on a single battery charge7, achieving a total cost of transport of 0.25: surpassing the human benchmark of 0.37. Compared with existing quadrupeds, RAIBO2 offers more than three times the travel range per battery charge. This breakthrough in energy efficiency paves the way for extended outdoor applications in which prolonged battery life is critical.
生物学Biology
Gasdermin D-mediated delivery of caspase inhibitors to suppress pyroptosis
Gasdermin D介导的caspase抑制剂递送抑制细胞焦亡
▲ 作者：Katarzyna M. Groborz, Melissa E. Truong et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we describe covalent caspase inhibitors that selectively block pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion despite being excluded from healthy cells. These inhibitors did not prevent caspase-driven apoptosis, implying that GSDMD pores facilitated their uptake. Membrane-impermeable dyes entered the cells rescued from pyroptosis, consistent with transient membrane permeabilization by GSDMD pores. Caspase inhibition prevented rather than delayed cell death, consistent with membrane repair mechanisms neutralizing the initial GSDMD pores. Inhibiting caspase-1 and caspase-11 suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 production in a mouse model of endotoxic shock, underscoring the therapeutic potential of exploiting GSDMD pores for targeted caspase inhibition in inflammatory diseases.
Ultrafast and reference-free sequence discovery in single-cell data
单细胞数据中的超快和无参考序列发现
▲ 作者：Daniel León-Peri?án, Nikos Karaiskos & Nikolaus Rajewsky
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we present Malva, a computational platform that enables ultrafast, species-agnostic and reference-free interrogation of the raw sequence space, enabling searching for any sequence, mutation, splice junction or pathogen, or spatial location of arbitrary transcripts. The continuously expanding Malva Index currently comprises around 74 million cells from thousands of experiments in health and disease. Malva enables reference-free discovery—researchers can, for example, identify cell types and predict cell–cell similarity directly from sequence composition. Building on Malva’s speed and accuracy, we demonstrate how Malva can be flexibly connected to state-of-the-art neural networks and how to execute complex searches and enable automated analyses. Malva transforms single-cell atlases from static gene count tables into dynamic, sequence-resolved resources that may help to bridge human–machine reasoning about biology.
医学Medicine
Structure and operating principles of a monkeypox virus replisome
猴痘病毒复制体的结构与激活机制
▲ 作者：Zishuo Yu, Pradeep Sathyanarayana et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of DNA-bound MPXV replisomes comprising the polymerase holoenzyme (F8, A22 and E4) and the E5 helicase hexamer. We show that, during replisome assembly, E5 undergoes large-scale conformational changes that allow two of its primase domains to interact with the polymerase F8 thumb and A22 subunit. Biochemical assays and single-molecule experiments reveal that this E5 conformational change is coupled to helicase activation and enhances primase activity. Taken together, these findings identify fundamental mechanisms governing coordinated helicase and polymerase activities during DNA replication for an important class of viral pathogens.
An Icelandic pangenome reference
冰岛人泛基因组参考
▲ 作者：Guillaume Holley, Hannes P. Eggertsson et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Here we introduce two new methods to address reference bias: Emblask for pangenome construction and Weaver for mapping to pangenomes at scale. Emblask is a hybrid long- and short-read haplotype-resolved dual assembly pipeline for parent–offspring trio data. Using Emblask, we assembled 698 Icelandic haplotypes and added them to the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC) pangenome4 to construct an Icelandic pangenome reference (HPRC-ICE) including 51.41 million small variants. We mapped the short reads of 57,630 Icelanders to HPRC-ICE with Weaver and called 98.96 million variants, representing a 6.17% increase over mapping to a linear reference. We uncovered new variants in low-mappability regions, including a pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GBA1 that associates with early onset Parkinson’s disease and a missense SNP in CBS that is pathogenic for homocystinuria. We replicated the GBA1 association in the UK Biobank6 with a targeted remapping of 429,193 British and Irish participants.
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