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《科学》（20261008出版）一周论文导读
Science, 8 OCT 2026, VOL 394, ISSUE 6820
《科学》2026年10月8日，第394卷，6820期
物理学Physics
High-fidelity entangling gates and nonlocal circuits with neutral atoms
中性原子高保真度纠缠门与非局域线路
▲ 作者：SIMON J. EVERED, MUQING XU, SOPHIE H. LI, ALEXANDRA A. GEIM, J. PABLO BONILLA ATAIDES, MARCIN KALINOWSKI, ET AL.
▲链接：
Abstract：The generation and manipulation of entanglement with low error are essential in quantum information systems. In practice, two-qubit entangling gates constitute a dominant error source, limiting circuit depths and performance in fault-tolerant architectures. Using a neutral-atom quantum processor, we realized entangling controlled-Z gates with a high-Rabi-frequency smooth-amplitude pulse, employing state-selective readout and qubit reuse for fast calibration, and achieved a fidelity of 99.854(4)%, which improved to 99.941(3)% upon loss postselection, with stable performance for 10 hours. We then used these low-error gates in quantum circuits with coherent atom rearrangement. Performance was benchmarked by creating and disentangling cluster states, and subsequently, we studied nonlocally entangled states with scrambling circuits featuring longer-range connectivity. Our approach provides a route toward deep-circuit, efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation.
High-capacity associative memory in a quantum-optical spin glass
量子光学自旋玻璃中的高容量联想记忆
▲ 作者：BRENDAN P. MARSH, DAVID ATRI SCHULLER, YUNPENG JI, HENRY S. HUNT, SURYA GANGULI, SARANG GOPALAKRISHNAN, ET AL.
▲链接：
Abstract：The Hopfield neural network stores memories using all-to-all-coupled spins and recalls those memories through equilibrium dynamics. Storing too many hampers recall because frustration causes an exponential number of spurious patterns to arise as the network becomes a spin glass. Despite this, we show that memory recall can be restored, and even enhanced, under quantum-optical nonequilibrium dynamics that convert spurious patterns into reliable memories. We experimentally observe associative memory with high storage capacity in a driven-dissipative spin glass made of atoms and photons. The capacity surpasses that of the Hopfield model under Hebbian learning by up to sevenfold in a 16-spin network. Atomic motion boosts capacity by dynamically modifying connectivity akin to short-term synaptic plasticity in neural networks, realizing a precursor to learning in a quantum-optical system.
人工智能Artificial Intelligence
Advancing mathematics research with AI-driven formal proof search
AI驱动的形式化证明搜索推动数学研究
▲ 作者：GEORGE TSOUKALAS, ANTON KOVSHAROV, SERGEY SHIROBOKOV, ANJA SURINA, MORITZ FIRSCHING, GERGELY BéRCZI, ET AL.
▲链接：
摘要：大语言模型（LLM）在数学任务上的能力持续提升，但模型输出的不可靠性限制了其在数学研究中的应用。一种解决思路是利用LLM生成Lean等语言进行形式化证明，由编译器对每个证明步骤进行核验。
研究组首次证实该方法可规模化解决数学开放难题。他们搭建了面向形式化证明搜索的智能体，自主攻克了353个埃尔德什公开问题中的9个，证明了《整数序列在线百科全书》492条猜想中的44条，还将该智能体部署在组合数学、优化、图论、代数几何与量子光学研究中。
即便是仅交替执行基于LLM生成与Lean核验的基础智能体，也复现了上述埃尔德什问题的求解结果。上述结果表明，形式化证明搜索在助力自主数学发现方面具有很大前景。
▲ Abstract：Large language models (LLMs) increasingly excel at mathematics tasks, but their unreliability limits their utility in mathematics research. A mitigation is to use LLMs to generate formal proofs in languages such as Lean, in which the compiler verifies every proof step. We present the first demonstration of this method’s value in solving open problems at scale. We built an artificial intelligence agent for formal proof search that autonomously resolved nine of 353 open Erd?s problems, proved 44/492 On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences conjectures, and is being deployed in combinatorics, optimization, graph theory, algebraic geometry, and quantum optics research. Even a basic agent alternating LLM-based generation with Lean-based verification replicated the Erd?s successes. These findings demonstrate the power of formal proof search as an enabler of autonomous mathematical discovery.
化学Chemistry
Asymmetric enzymatic hydrophosphorylation through O2 activation
氧活化介导的不对称酶促氢膦酰化
▲ 作者：YI ZHOU, YIFEI GE, WESLEY HARRISON AND HUIMIN ZHAO
▲链接：
Abstract：Enzymatic carbon-phosphorus bond formation is extremely rare in nature, limiting biocatalytic access to phosphorus-containing compounds that are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Here, we report an asymmetric enzymatic hydrophosphorylation through oxygen activation using a repurposed flavin-dependent enzyme. Mechanistic studies revealed that reactive oxygen species are converted into productive phosphorus-centered radicals, followed by radical addition and enzymatic hydrogen atom transfer, achieving high enantioselectivity. The enzyme accommodates diverse phosphorus-hydrogen donors that pose challenges to chemical catalysis, enabling the biosynthesis of valuable phosphorus-containing scaffolds. This work expands the scope of biocatalysis to programmable carbon-phosphorus bond formation and establishes a paradigm for channeling oxygen reactivity in enzymes.
地球科学Earth Science
Insights from more than a year of ongoing episodic lava fountaining at Kīlauea
基拉韦厄火山持续一年多幕式熔岩喷泉喷发的新认识
▲ 作者：A. F. FLINDERS, N. I. DELIGNE, K. HON, D. T. DOWNS, K. J. LYNN, P. A. NADEAU, ET AL.
▲链接：
Abstract：Episodic lava fountaining is rare globally, with only three occurrences from Kīlauea (Hawaii) since 1823. Beginning in December 2024, an eruption within the summit crater, Halema?uma?u, has produced 54 fountaining episodes to date, each lasting typically for hours and separated by days to weeks. Although multiple mechanisms have been proposed, fundamental questions remain about how magma reservoir pressure, conduit permeability, and volatile exsolution control fountaining onset. We present a multiparameter record of episodic fountaining at Kīlauea using modern geochemical, geophysical, and geologic monitoring. These observations revealed systematic correlations between fountaining and summit inflation, enabling unprecedented quantitative forecasts. This eruption will provide new constraints on the timing, evolution, and processes driving episodic fountaining globally, and highlights Kīlauea’s role as a natural laboratory for studying volcanic processes.
Recent strengthening of eastern Pacific ENSO in the last millennium paleorecord
千年古气候记录中赤道东太平洋厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的近期增强
▲ 作者：J. E. COLE, D. M. THOMPSON, K. A. DYEZ, C. J. TRIPP, A. W. TUDHOPE, M. LOFVERSTROM, ET AL.
▲链接：
摘要：太平洋厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）引发了各类极端气候事件，威胁全球生态系统、基础设施与人类福祉。受观测数据匮乏以及气候模型不确定性的双重影响，该气候系统对全球变暖的响应机制缺乏明确约束。
过去千年加拉帕戈斯群岛珊瑚骨骼的地球化学记录显示，与现有古气候记录相比，赤道东太平洋海表温度的年际变率近期大幅增强，超出模拟的自然变率范围。这一变率上升与全球升温同步，是厄尔尼诺现象加剧的结果。
中太平洋珊瑚数据也显示海表温度变率增加，只是信号不如加拉帕戈斯群岛显著。该研究结果为理解ENSO的变率趋势提供了长期背景，也预示极端气候形势不容乐观。
▲ Abstract：The Pacific El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is poorly constrained, owing to both data scarcity and uncertainties in climate models. The geochemistry of Galápagos coral skeletons across the past millennium reveals a large recent increase in interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific compared with that in existing paleorecords that exceeds simulated natural variability. This increase parallels rising global temperature and results from stronger El Ni?o events. Central Pacific coral data also show increased variability, although less distinctly than in the Galápagos. Our results provide long-term context for understanding ENSO variability trends, with troubling implications for climate extremes.特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽。