导读：本文围绕“科学20261015出版一周论文导读”，按时间顺序梳理事件经过与各方表态，并标注仍需后续确认的信息。
《科学》（20261015出版）一周论文导读
编译|李言
Science, 15 Oct 2026, VOL 394, ISSUE 6821
《科学》2026年10月15日，第394卷，6821期
物理学Physics
Electrically driven chiral emission from plasmonic tunnel junctions
等离激元隧道结的电驱动手性发射
▲ 作者：Yuanyang Xie, Alexey V. Krasavin, and Anatoly V. Zayats
▲链接：
Abstract：
Chirality plays a crucial role in a broad range of processes, including light-matter interactions in physics, chemistry, and biology, while quantum tunneling provides a promising mechanism for light generation at the nanoscale. By integrating tunnel junctions with chiral plasmonic nanohelicoids, we achieved electrically induced nanoscale generation of chiral light at the single-particle level. The tunneling-driven resonant excitation of chiral dipolar modes of the nanohelicoids results in emission of a vortex light beam possessing both spin angular momentum with handedness selectivity of more than 0.8 and orbital angular momentum equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. Our electrically driven approach offers a means for engineering photon spin generation at the nanoscale, highlighting its potential for next-generation optical components in display applications, as well as quantum information processing and photochemistry.
计算机科学Computer Science
Dendritic computation for abstract rule-based flexible decision-making
树突计算实现抽象规则引导的灵活决策
▲ 作者：Yuan Zhang, Yanhe Liu et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Intelligent behavior involves flexible integration of sensory input and abstract rule knowledge. Dendritic computation has been shown to contribute to top-down modulation of sensory processing; however, whether and how it is involved in flexible cognitive processing remains to be elucidated. Combining a rule-based flexible decision-making task with in vivo two-photon imaging and optogenetics in mice, we found that within single layer 5 extratelencephalic neurons in the auditory cortex, apical dendrites preferentially encoded the inferred abstract rule and somata preferentially represented sensory stimuli, whereas choice signals were present in both compartments. Optogenetic dendritic inhibition impaired rule-dependent somatic choice coding, supporting a task-relevant integration across the dendritic and somatic compartments. These results indicate that dendritic computation in cortical neurons mediates flexible behavior.
材料科学Material Sciences
Engineering ordered two-dimensional defect phases to strengthen structural alloys
工程化调控二维缺陷相以强化结构合金
▲ 作者：Andreas Bezold, Manuel K?brich et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Defects in crystals are usually considered to be consequences of deformation, but they can also be engineered as strengthening features. Planar defects can strengthen structural alloys but usually form only during deformation or service, limiting control over their density, stability, and chemistry. We show that predeformation followed by aging can convert such defects into a designed architecture of ordered defect phases. In a single-crystal cobalt-nickel–based superalloy and a polycrystalline cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy, this treatment creates dense networks of coherent, atomically thin, ordered defect–confined phases. These increase room-temperature strength by more than 200 megapascals and reduce the superalloy’s minimum creep rate by more than threefold. Electron microscopy and simulations show that local chemical ordering amplifies strengthening and that the ordered defect phases remain shearable while impeding slip transmission.
地球科学Earth Science
Empirical constraints on ice cliff calving
冰崖崩解的约束限制
▲ 作者：Caroline Needell, Catherine C. Walker, and Jeremy N. Bassis
▲链接：
Abstract：
When calving cliffs at the margins of Earth’s ice sheets exceed a critical height, runaway retreat may be initiated in a process called the marine ice cliff instability. However, sufficiently tall ice cliffs have rarely been observed. To address this gap, we measured the characteristics of 15,330 ice cliffs across Earth’s ice sheet margins using laser altimetry. We show that cliff height is highly correlated with mélange thickness, water depth, and crevassing. We found that tall cliffs calve more rapidly than parameterizations assume, but dynamic thinning and retreat into regions with low ice thickness gradients prevent runaway retreat. These observations suggest that model projections may underestimate subannual rates of cliff calving, but that the potential for instability will depend sensitively on additional quantities, not cliff height alone.
Airflows redefine the cost of aerial transport in the wild
气流重新定义野外空中运输的成本
▲ 作者：Martina Scacco, Jeroen B. Smaers et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Fuel economy matters to both animals and machines, as the cost of transport can determine where, when, and how far locomotion is possible. However, established estimates of these values for animal flight come from laboratories and treat the atmosphere as constant, even though free-flying animals routinely extract energy from atmospheric flows. Using high-resolution movement data, we estimate the cost of transport for 50 bird and bat species flying in the wild. Our results revise the classic ranking of locomotion costs, suggesting that flying can be cheaper than swimming though almost as costly as running, depending on interactions between physical environment, morphology, and behavior. Linking transport costs to atmospheric conditions provides a mechanistic basis for predicting how changing windscapes will reshape the energetics, movements, and distributions of flying animals.
生物学Biology
Glycan recognition by a plant damage-sensing immune receptor
植物损伤感知免疫受体的聚糖识别
▲ 作者：Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval, Owen Kentish et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Pathogens target and degrade the extracellular matrix surrounding plant cells. A central question is how cell wall–derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized and integrated to trigger immune responses. We address this question by determining the structure of the extracellular multidomain of the impaired in glycan perception 1 (IGP1) receptor in both apo form and bound to the cellulose-derived DAMP cellotriose. Structural analyses reveal that constitutive interactions of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)–malectin domains preconfigure IGP1 for ligand recognition and that the receptor features a highly specific sugar-binding pocket in the LRR domain capable of distinguishing fine variations in glycan structures. By directly sensing cello-oligomers, IGP1 operates as a cell wall surveillance receptor that links pathogen-induced wall degradation to immune alerting, equipping plants to mount rapid and robust defense responses.
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