导读：本文围绕“自然20261015出版一周论文导读”，按时间顺序梳理事件经过与各方表态，并标注仍需后续确认的信息。
《自然》（20261015出版）一周论文导读
编译|冯维维
Nature, 15 October 2026, Volume 658 Issue 8136
《自然》2026年10月15日，第658卷，8136期
物理学Physics
Parity-dependent coupling of molecular spin chains to a superconductor
分子自旋链与超导体的宇称依赖耦合
▲ 作者：Katerina Vaxevani, Jon Ortuzar, Stefano Trivini, Georg Monninger, Dongfei Wang, Manuel Vilas-Varela, Lucía Gómez-Rodrigo, Diego Pena & Jose Ignacio Pascual
▲链接：
= 1基态；而偶数长度链形成S=0基态，与超导体解耦。
双格点模型将这种交替归因于边缘间相互作用的符号和强度，并由隧道谱中的额外能隙自旋激发独立证实。S=1链的多体自旋激发也被检测到，其因大得多的霍尔丹能隙而与超导体解耦。边缘自旋与超导体的长度可调耦合为基于π共轭碳架构的分子自旋量子比特开辟了一条途径。
▲ Abstract：
Collective behaviour in quantum materials can produce excitations carrying only a fraction of the quantum numbers of their constituents. A notable case occurs in chains of spin-1 units, in which a topological gap protects the interior of the chain, whereas spin-1/2 states, half the spin of the units that form it, emerge at the ends. In short chains, these fractional edge spins couple to each other and their topological protection makes them attractive for hybrid spin–superconductor devices. Whether such fractionalization survives the proximity of a superconducting condensate, however, remains an open question. Here we grow molecular Haldane chains of antiferromagnetically coupled spin-1 triangulene units on a proximitized Au(111)/Nb(110) surface and resolve a parity-dependent coupling of their spin-1/2 edge states to the superconductor by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. Odd-length chains host Yu–Shiba–Rusinov (YSR) bound states inside the superconducting gap, originating from a global S = 1 ground state, whereas even-length chains form an S = 0 ground state decoupled from the superconductor. A two-site model attributes this alternation to the sign and strength of inter-edge interactions, independently confirmed by extra-gap spin excitations in tunnelling spectra. Many-body spin excitations of the S = 1 chain are also detected, decoupled from the superconductor by the much larger Haldane gap. The length-tunable coupling of the edge spins to superconductors opens a route towards molecular spin qubits based on π-conjugated carbon architectures.
物理和化学Physics & chemistry
Hidden reaction pathways inform additive engineering for perovskite LEDs
隐藏反应路径为钙钛矿LED的添加剂工程提供信息
▲ 作者：Sung-Doo Baek, Yu-Ting Yang, Pengfei Wu, Hanjun Yang, Mohammad Ali, Hui Taou Kok, Xiyu Luo, Wenhao Shao, Hyuntae Choi, Jeong Hui Kim, L. Jay Guo, Libai Huang, Barry P. Rand & Letian Dou
▲链接：
97.2%，接近理论极限；对应的钙钛矿发光二极管最优外量子效率（EQE）可达 37.1%，平均峰值外量子效率为32.8%。研究证实该反应路径调控思路可以拓展至其他添加剂化学体系以及不同发光颜色，表明该化学驱动策略有望用于钙钛矿发光二极管的添加剂理性设计。
▲ Abstract：
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising class of solution-processed light-emitting devices, combining high efficiency with facile fabrication. Amino-acid-based molecular additives are widely used to regulate crystallization and suppress defects in perovskite thin films, yet these molecules are chemically reactive in precursor solutions, in which their transformations and products remain poorly understood. Here we resolve and control the hidden solution-phase chemistry of a ubiquitous additive, 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA), whose solution-phase reactivity has remained unclear. We show that 5AVA undergoes competing in situ reactions during precursor preconditioning, yielding two chemically and functionally distinct products: a beneficial organoamidinium zwitterion and a detrimental Lewis-base lactam. By explaining this reaction dichotomy and establishing targeted reaction-pathway control, we selectively use the beneficial species. Direct synthesis and incorporation of the purified zwitterion decouple its intrinsic passivation function from confounding by-products, yielding perovskite films with a near-unity mean peak photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 97.2% and PeLEDs with a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.1%, alongside a mean peak EQE of 32.8%. Finally, we demonstrate that this reaction-pathway control concept can be extended to further additive chemistries and emission colours, highlighting its potential as a chemistry-driven strategy for rational additive design in PeLEDs.
生命科学Life Sciences
Sugar-rich foods exacerbate antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption
高糖食物加剧抗生素引发的微生物组紊乱
▲ 作者：Anqi Dai, Annamaria Ballweg, William Jogia, Madhumitha Rangesa, Peter A. Adintori, Mirae Baichoo, Tyler Funnell, Teng Fei, Nicholas R. Waters, Abrielle Swartz, Sukanya Sahu, Brianna Gipson, Sandeep S. Raj, Eiko Hayase, Zoe Pierce, Kenton Wu, Natalie Smith, Justin Neuberger, Adam Warren, Marina Burgos da Silva, Oriana Miltiadous, Corrado Zuanelli Brambilla, Marissa Lubin Buchan, Tatanisha K. Peets, …Jonathan U. Peled
▲链接：
Abstract：
Diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota1; however, the specific effects of distinct food groups on microbiome dynamics are unclear, particularly in circumstances of extreme perturbation. Here we evaluated the relationship between diet and intestinal microbiome dynamics by precisely tracking 9,419 meals consumed by 173 patients who were hospitalized for haematopoietic cell transplantation and analysing subsequent microbiome changes. Bayesian inference applied to data from 158 patients with paired longitudinal microbiome samples revealed that the intake of sweets and sugars during antibiotic exposure predicted exacerbated microbial dysbiosis, manifesting as lowered α-diversity and greater expansion of the pathobiont Enterococcus. Experiments in mice also showed that sucrose supplementation increased and prolonged antibiotic-induced Enterococcus expansion. These data suggest that avoiding a diet rich in simple sugars during antibiotic treatment may mitigate microbiota disruption. Further studies in independent cohorts will offer opportunities to generalize these findings and evaluate microbiota-sparing interventions.
Intracellular complement factor H protects neurons during CNS inflammation
中枢神经系统炎症期间细胞内补体因子H保护神经
▲ 作者：Christina Mayer, Marcel S. Woo, Jana K. Sonner, Lars Binkle-Ladisch, Felix Fischbach, Patricia Sekol, Matthew D. Smith, Fernando Lucas-Ruiz, Darwin Manteufel, Kuno M.-J. Mattern, Lena Kristina Pfeffer, Yubing Guo, Bente Siebels, Albert Miguela, Vanessa Vieira, Nina Meurs, Simone Bauer, Sophia Schwarz, Sonia Wulf, Anne Katrin Mühlig, Jan Broder Engler, Marcus Conrad, Florence M. Bareyre, Thorsten Wiech, …Manuel A. Friese
▲链接：
Abstract：
Neurodegeneration is a major driver of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)1. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), a heterogeneous neuronal population in the eye, undergo degeneration in MS and provide a model to study neuronal subtype-specific resilience to inflammatory injury2. However, the neuron-intrinsic mechanisms underlying differential vulnerability remain unclear. Here we identify a neuroprotective role for intracellular complement factor H (CFH) in neurons. Using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of RGCs from donors with MS and control individuals, we found that CFH expression was strongly correlated with intrinsic resilience to RGC degeneration. Mechanistically, CFH was induced in retinal and other CNS neurons in response to inflammatory and oxidative stress, where it limited reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. CFH localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, a major site of lipid peroxidation during neuronal ferroptosis. Its protective activity was dependent on its C-terminal SCR20 domain, was independent of CFH secretion and was preserved in the absence of complement component C3. These findings reveal a non-canonical intracellular function of CFH in neurons. Together, our results identify CFH as a key mediator of neuronal resilience across the CNS in mice and humans and provide mechanistic insight into inflammatory neurodegeneration with implications for MS therapy and neuroprotection more broadly.
生态学Ecology
Synergistic degradation of fucoidans in the ocean
海洋中岩藻多糖的协同降解作用
▲ 作者：Andreas Sichert, Shaul Pollak, Taylor Priest, Akshit Goyal, Samuel Miravet-Verde, Shinichi Sunagawa, Otto X. Cordero & Uwe Sauer
▲链接：
Abstract：
Fucoidans, a class of complex polysaccharides produced by brown algae and diatoms, contribute to long-term carbon sequestration owing to their resistance to microbial degradation. Although individual microorganisms can break down portions of these polysaccharides, it remains unclear whether complete breakdown is possible in nature and, if so, by what mechanisms. Here we show that fucoidans are degraded through synergistic interactions between specialized bacteria with complementary metabolic functions. Using metabolomic analysis of a reconstructed marine consortium, we uncovered metabolic guilds of bacteria that preferentially degrade either the sulfated fucose backbone or the side branches of rare monomers. This functional division of labour leads to an unexpectedly high number of synergistic interactions between different degraders that enhanced degradation efficiency up to 97.1%. Despite varying fucoidan structures across different types of algae6, the metabolic functions of degraders remained conserved, enabling quantitative prediction of degradation outcomes based on community and substrate composition. The frequent co-occurrence of functionally complementary fucoidan degraders in ocean metagenomes suggests that synergistic degradation is a globally relevant strategy. Our findings suggest that the environmental turnover of complex biopolymers depends not only on individual metabolic capabilities of degraders but also on ecological interactions shaped by substrate architecture. This work provides a mechanistic framework for understanding carbon cycling in the ocean and for engineering synthetic microbial consortia to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides.
Intrinsic physicochemical activity at microplastic–water interfaces
微塑料—水界面的本征物理化学活性
▲ 作者：Naixin Qian, Ruoqi Zhao, Kwing Yeung Chan, Vinh Gia Vuong, Xin Gao, Zhilun Zhao, R. Allen LaCour, Yifan Dai, Phoebe A. Stapleton, Beizhan Yan, Teresa Head-Gordon & Wei Min
▲链接：
Abstract：
Plastics have become an integral part of our modern society, largely because they are generally regarded as chemically inert under normal circumstances. However, plastics fragmented into microplastics (less than 5 mm in size) have recently raised significant public concerns, and have been detected widely across ecosystems and human tissues with increasing environmental and health risks. Here we show that commodity microplastics exhibit intrinsic physicochemical activity in water, manifested by the spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species that increases with interfacial hydrophobicity and strongly correlates with interfacial electrostatics. Ab initio calculations support these observations and reveal that hydroxide oxidation becomes energetically more favourable at increasingly hydrophobic microplastic–water interfaces through the combined effects of partial solvation and electrostatics. These interfacial properties and the resulting oxidative chemistry have direct implications for biomolecular adsorption, protein aggregation, and even cellular damage. Together, our findings challenge the prevailing paradigm of plastic inertness, identify a possibly overlooked mechanism for the detrimental effects of microplastics on health and the environment, and contribute to a fundamental understanding of the structure–activity relationship of interfacial water, which may inform the design of safer and more sustainable plastic materials.特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽。