导读：围绕“科学20261105出版一周论文导读”，以下对已披露的事实脉络与关键节点作系统归纳，便于快速了解全貌。
《科学》（20261105出版）一周论文导读
编译｜李言
Science, 5 Nov 2026, VOL 394, ISSUE 6824
《科学》2026年11月5日，第394卷，6824期
材料科学Material Sciences
Stacked porous NiTi structure with low cost and ultrahigh fatigue life for elastocaloric cooling
一种可用于弹性冷却的、低成本超长疲劳寿命的层状多孔镍钛结构
▲ 作者：Changfeng Su, Yang Li et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Elastocaloric cooling (eC) uses shape memory alloys (SMAs) as energy-efficient, eco-friendly refrigerants. However, cost-effectively fabricating SMAs into fatigue-resistant, heat transfer–enhanced structures remains a key obstacle to commercialization of the eC technology. We introduce a “stamping and stacking” (S-S) method for producing porous, fatigue-resistant SMA structures. Honeycomb-like chips are stamped from nitinol (NiTi) thin sheets and then stacked into a layered tubular structure to increase heat exchange surface and at the same time avoid buckling and splitting failures encountered in existing SMA structures. The stacked structure endures >108 compression cycles and can deliver high specific cooling power of 3850 watts per kilogram. Our S-S method reduces fabrication costs by one order of magnitude compared with existing approaches, enabling mass production of eC refrigerant structures for commercial deployment.
物理学Physics
Quantum gas microscopy of three-flavor Hubbard systems
三组分哈伯德系统的量子气体显微研究
▲ 作者：Jirayu Mongkolkiattichai, Liyu Liu et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Hubbard systems are paradigmatic realizations of strongly correlated many-body systems. Introducing additional species breaks the SU(2) symmetry of the Hubbard model and leads to a wide variety of new exotic quantum phases. Here, we extended quantum gas microscopy to three-flavor Fermi lattice gases in the Hubbard regime. Relying on site- and flavor-resolved detection, we studied the phase diagram of the three-flavor Hubbard model and found signatures of flavor-selective localization and selective pairing at temperatures down to the tunneling energy scale. Our measurements were then compared with numerical linked-cluster expansion calculations. Further increase of phase space density may enable the observation of a distinct pair Mott phase at half filling and shows a path toward the study of color superfluidity and other aspects of quantum chromodynamics.
地球科学Earth Science
Seafloor geodesy delineates fast megathrust relocking after the giant 2011 Tohoku earthquake
海底大地测量揭示2011年东日本大地震后巨型逆冲断层的快速重新闭锁
▲ 作者：Fumiaki Tomita, Tianhaozhe Sun et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
How and when the subduction megathrust recovers its locking state after a great earthquake is important to understanding earthquake-cycle physics and future hazards. Here we report the delineation of the relocking process after the 2011 magnitude 9 Tohoku earthquake with 14 years of postseismic seafloor geodetic observations. These data, combined with onshore geodetic observations, analyses of repeating earthquakes, and numerical modeling, reveal how the recovery of locking is interrupted by afterslip on the megathrust and accompanied by stress relaxation in the viscoelastic upper mantle. The results indicate that the megathrust has already arrived at a locking state today similar to that before the earthquake despite the ongoing stress relaxation. The acquired knowledge aids understanding of megathrust earthquake cycles at other subduction zones.
生态学Ecology
Echoes of the Anthropocene: Noise pollution as a global threat
人类世的回响：噪声污染作为全球性威胁
▲ 作者：Hansjoerg P. Kunc and Rouven Schmidt
▲链接：
Abstract：
Anthropogenic noise is a rapidly expanding global pollutant, but its effects across biological levels from individuals to ecosystems remain unquantified. We conducted phylogenetically controlled meta-analyses of 214 experimental studies on 177 aquatic and terrestrial species with ranges that span six continents. Noise altered at least one physiological, developmental, or behavioral trait in 80% of species studied, with declines in fitness and abundance and disruptions of predator-prey interactions. Effects occurred in every habitat, although response mechanisms varied for some traits and species, creating winners and losers. Only multispecies analyses can reveal such species- and ecosystem-level impacts of anthropogenic stressors. Our results establish noise as a novel selection pressure reshaping ecosystem dynamics and as a pervasive stressor requiring soundscape protection alongside habitat conservation.
神经科学Neuroscience
The first 1000 days: Modeling language learning from individual children’s everyday speech
最初的1000天：从个体儿童日常言语中建模语言学习
▲ 作者：Hadas Raviv, Arkadii Tsyhanov et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
Children learn to understand and speak from the speech around them, yet how that everyday input shapes learning remains unresolved. Large language models show that language is learnable from data, but their scale and training conditions differ sharply from a child’s natural experience. We trained cognitively feasible, child-specific models on longitudinal home recordings from eight children across their first 1000 days of life. Each model learned incrementally from a single child’s ordered speech input without prior linguistic knowledge, developing phoneme-like and word-form representations that tracked each child’s learning pace. Learning was dependent on dense daily sampling and replay of recent input, indicating that both experience- and memory-related processes are necessary. These findings show that everyday experience contains sufficient structure for language learning and establish child-specific modeling for testing developmental theories.
人类学Anthropology
Denoising the US Census: Succinct block hierarchical regression
美国人口普查去噪：简洁的区块分层回归
▲ 作者：Badih Ghazi, Pritish Kamath et al.
▲链接：
Abstract：
The 2020 United States Census adopted differential privacy to protect individual confidentiality, adding calibrated noise to summary demographic measurements that are then reconciled into population tables. We developed BlueDown, a postprocessing algorithm that combines techniques from linear regression and constrained optimization while exploiting measurement structure for efficiency. On 2020 Census data, BlueDown reduced the error of groupings by race at the county level by 21 to 36% and of all county-level groupings by 9 to 58%; at the tract level, it reduced error of groupings by housing type by 38 to 61%. These gains came at no cost to confidentiality or computational efficiency and would improve the validity of research relying on this definitive dataset and analyses used to guide the distribution of more than $1.5 trillion in annual federal spending.特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任；作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽。